“The Muslim Turks found the moral justification for their advance into India in the injunction to propagate Islam. As this could not, in the opinion of kings and warriors, be achieved without the subjugation of the non-Muslims and the occupation of their territory, the propagation of Islam became identical with war and conquest. This view is presented in the Persian chronicles with a tedious and jarring persistence… The Hidayah is quite explicit about the legality of jihad (holy war) against infidels (Kafirs) even when they have not taken the offensive. Verses of the Qur’an restricting jihad to certain contingencies were so interpreted as to show that a condition of war with non-Muslims was the norm, the peace dependent on the existence of appropriate circumstances. “(M. Mujeeb, The Indian Muslims; George Allen 7 Unwin ltd, London, 1967, p, 61).
